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Psalms 6:1

Unto the end, in verses, a psalm for David, for the octave.

Challoner: For the octaveThat is, to be sung on an instrument of eight strings. St. Augustine understands it mystically, of the last resurrection, and the world to come; which is, as it were, the octave, or eighth day, after the seven days of this mortal life: and for this octave, sinners must dispose themselves, like David, by bewailing their sins, whilst they are here upon earth.
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The verse in its languages

Vulgate (Clementine)
In finem, in carminibus. Psalmus David. Pro octava.
Septuagint (Swete)
Εἰς τὸ τέλος, ἐν ὕμνοις, ὑπὲρ τῆς ὀγδόης· ψαλμὸς τῷ Δαυείδ.
Hebrew (WLC)
לַמְנַצֵּ֣חַ בִּ֭נְגִינוֹת עַֽל הַשְּׁמִינִ֗ית מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד

Haydock's commentary

For the octave. That is, to be sung on an instrument of eight strings. St. Augustine understands it mystically, of the last resurrection, and the world to come; which is, as it were, the octave, or eighth day, after the seven days of this mortal life; and for this octave, sinners must dispose themselves, like David, by bewailing their sins, whilst they are here upon the earth. (Challoner) (Worthington)

It may also signify, that this psalm was to be sung by "the eighth" of the 24 bands, 1 Paralipomenon xv. 21. David might compose it after sickness, with which he had been punished for his adultery; (Calmet) or under any distress: he expresses the sentiments of a true penitent, (Berthier) with which he was ever after impressed. (Haydock)

It is applicable to penitents of the new law. (Worthington)

From Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary, 1859, in the transcription made by Todd Easton and kept online by John Paul Wohlschied at johnblood.gitlab.io/haydock.